RH033 Red Hat Linux Essentials
UNIT 1- Overview
Objectives
Agenda
UNIX History
UNIX Principles
GNU Project/FSF
GPL – GNU General Public License
Linux Origins
Why Linux?
Red hat Enterprise Linux
Recommended hardware Specifications
Local Logins
Virtual Consoles
Running Commands
Changing Your Password
Linux Graphical Environments
End of Unit 1
UNIT 2- Command Line File system Browsing
Objectives
Agenda
Linux File Hierarchy Concepts
Current Working Directory
Changing Directories
Listing Directory Contents
The Home Directory
Absolute Pathnames
Relative Pathnames
File Names
Copying Files and Directories
Copying Files and Directories: The Destination
Moving and Renaming Files and Directories
Moving and Renaming Files and Directories: The Destination
Removing and Creating Files
Determining File Content
Viewing an Entire Text File
Viewing Files One Screenful at a Time
Slocate
Getting help: man pages
Other Help Utilities
End of Unit 2
Lab: Command Line Filesystem Browsing
UNIT 3- GNOME and KDE Desktops
Objectives
Agenda
The X Window System
GNOME
KDE
Starting XFree86
Switching Between GNOME and kde
Nautilus
Graphical Terminals
Graphical Editors
Web Browsers
OpenOffice.org Office Suite
Useful Keystrokes in X
Useful Keystrokes in X, continues: Copy& Paste
End of Unit 3
Lab: File system Browsing Using GNOME
UNIT 4- The bash Shell
Objectives
Agenda
Bash Introduction
Bash Heritage
Command Line Shortcuts
Command Line Expansion
History Tricks
Command Editing Tricks
End of Unit 4
Lab: Exploring the bash Shell
UNIT 5 – Users, Groups, and Permissions
Objectives
Agenda
Users
Groups
He root User
The Linux Security
Linux File Security
Linux Process Security
Examing Permissions
User Categories
File Permission Types
Examining Directories
Examining User Permissions
Examining Group Permissions
Examining Other Permissions
Changing Permissions – Symbolic Method
Changing Permissions – Numeric Method
End of Unit 5
Lab: File Permissions
UNIT 6 – vi and vim Editor Basics and Printing
Objectives
Agenda
Overview of vi and vim
Starting vi and vim
Three Modes of vi and vim
Cursor Movement
Entering Insert Mode
Leaving Insert Mode:
Change, Delete, and Yank
Put (paste)
Undoing Changes
Searching for Text
Saving and Exiting: ex mode
A Few Tricks
Printing in Linux
Printing Commands
Printing Utilities
End of Unit 13
Lab: vi and vim Editor Basics
UNIT 7 – The Linux File system
Objectives
Agenda
Partitions and Filesystems
Inodes
Directories
Cp and Inodes
Mv and Inodes
Rm and Inodes
Symbolic ( or Soft ) Links
Hard Links
The Seven Fundamental Filetypes
Checking Free Space
Find
Finding and Processing Files
Mounting Removable Media
Formatting a Floppy
Why Archiive Files?
Creating an Archive
Inspecting Archives
Extracting an Archive
Why Use File Compression?
Compression Utilities
Using Compression
Compressing Archives
Tar to Unformatted Flopies
End of Unit 7
Lab: The Linux Filesystem
UNIT 8 – Configuring GNOME, KDE, and X-based Tools
Objectives
Agenda
A Layered Vision of the x Window System
Window Managers
The GNOME Control Center
The KDE Control Center
The panel Application
Configuring nautilus
Configuring gnome – terminal
Saving Desktop Configuration Across Logins
X-based Email Clients
Configuring evolution
End of Unit 8
Lab: Configuring the X Window System
UNIT 9 – The bash Shell and Configuration
Objectives
Agenda
The bash Shell and Configuration
Variables
Configuring the Shell: Local Variables
Common Local Variables
The PS1 Local Variable
Aliases
Other Shell Configuration Methods
Configuring Commands: Environment Variables
Common Environment Variables
The TRM Environment Variable
The PATH Environment Variable
How the Shell Expands the Command Line
Shell Shartup Scripts
Login Shells
Startup Scripts: Order of Execution
/etc/profile
/etc/profile.d
/.bash_profile and / .bashrc
/ ,bash_logout
End of Unite 9
Lab: The bash Shell and Configuration
UNIT 10 – Advanced Topics in Users, Groups, and Permissions
Objectives
Agenda
User and Group ID Numbers
/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and /etc/group Files
System Users and Groups
Changing Your Identity
User Information Commands
Default File Permissions
Special Permissions
Special Permissions of Executables
Special Permissions for Directories
End of Unit 10
Lad: Switching Users and Setting a umask
UNIT 11 – Advanced Uses of the vi and vim Editors
Objectives
Agenda
File Repositioning
Screen Repositioning
Filtering
Ex mode: search and Replace
Advance Reading and Saving
Configuring vi and vim
Expanding you Vocabulary
A Peak at the Appendix
End of Unit 11
Lab: Advanced Uses of the vi and vim Editors
UNIT 12 – Standard I/O and Pipes
Objectives
Agenda
Standard Input and Output
Redirecting Input and Output
Redirecting Output
Redirecting Standard Output
Redirecting Standard Output and Error
Redirecting Input
Using Pipes to Connect Processes
Tee
Piping into the mail Command
End of Unit 12
Lab: Standard I/O and Pipes
UNIT 13 – Introduction to String Processing
Objectives
Agenda
Head
Tail
Tail – continued
Wc
Sort
Uniq
Cut
Other String Processing
Version Comparison with diff
Spell Checking
Formatting Tools
End of Unit 13
Lab: Introduction to String Processing
UNIT 14 – String Processing with Regular Expressions
Objectives
Agenda
Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions
Wildcard Characters
Modifiers
Anchors
Regular Expressions – Examples
Quote your regex’s!
Grep
Sed
Using sed
Less and slocate
Egular Expressions in vi and vim
Extended regex Syntax
Awk
Using awk
End of unit 14
Lab: String Processing with Regular Expressions
UNIT 15 – Introduction to Processes
Objectives
Agenda
What is a Process?
How Processes Are Created
Process Ancestry
Process States
Viewing Processes
Sending Signals to Processes
Terminating Processes
Altering Process Scheduling Priority
Running a Process in the Foreground
Running a Process in the Background
Suspending a Process
Listing background and suspended jobs
Resuming Suspended jobs
Compound Command
Scheduling a Process to Execute later
Scheduling Periodic Processes
Using cron
Crontab File Format
End of Unit 15
Lab: Process Control
UNIT 16 – bash Shell Scripting
Objectives
Agenda
Scripting Basics
Creating Shell Scripts
Creating Shell Scripts Cont.
Generating Output
Handling Input
Using Positional Parameters
Using Functions in Shell Scripts
Using Functions in Shell Scripts, continued
Exit status
Control Structures
Conditional Execution
Selection Structures: Using the if Statement
File Tests
String Tests
Selection structures: Using if/else Statements
Selection Structures: Using the case Statement
Repetition Structures: The for loop
Repetition Structures: The while loop
Continue and break
Shell Script Debugging
UNIT 17 – Basic Networking Clients
Objectives
Agenda
Ssh: Secure Shell
Scp: Secure Copy
telnet and the “r” Services
iftp
links Web Clien
mutt
rsync
wget
Network Diagnostic Tools
End of Unit 17
Lab: Basic Networking Clients
UNIT 18 – Programming and Administration
Objectives
Agenda
Programming Tools
Programming Languages
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Red Hat Programming Classes
System Administrator Duties
Red Hat Administration Classes
RH133 Red Hat Linux System Administration
UNIT 1 – Hardware, Device Configuration, and Installation
Objectives
Agenda
Initial Installation
Hardware Overview
Hardware Compatibility
General Hardware Resources
CPU and Memory
Filesystem Device Nodes
System Bus Support
Hotswappable Bus Support
Laptops
Disk Partitioning
Sample Partition Structure
Block Devices and Flesystems
Filesystem Schemes
The Red Hat Installer
Installer Features
Red hat Linux Installation
Partitioning hard Drives
Software RAID
LVM: Logical Volume Manager
Network Configuration
Firewall Setup
Package Selection
Validating the Installation
Serial Console Installation
Noprobe Mode and Driver Disks
Post-Install Configuration
System Configuration
End of Unit 1
Lab: Hardware and Installation
UNIT 2 – Linux Filesystem Management
Objectives
Agenda
System Initialization: Device Recognition
Desk Partitioning
Managing partitions
Managing Data: Filesystem Basics
Managing Data: Filesystem Creation
Journaling for ext2 filesystems: ext3
ReiserFS and JFS
Managing Data: mount
Managing Data: mount options
Managing Data: Connecting Network Resources
Managing Data: /etc/fstab
Managing Data: Unmounting Filesystems
Managing Data: The Auto-Mounter
Ext2/ext3 Filesystem Attributes
Virtual Memory Files
Filesystem Maintenance
Filesystem Maintenance (cont.)
Determining Filesystem Usage
Adding a Drive
End of Unit 2
Lab: Using autofs and Adding Swap
UNIT 3 – System Initialization and Services
Objectives
Agenda
Boot sequence
BIOS Initialization
Boot Loader
Kernel Initialization
Init Initialization
Run Levels
Daemon Processes
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
/etc/rc.d/rc
System V run levels
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
Virtual Consoles
Controlling Services
System Shutdown
System Reboot
End of Unit 3
Lab: Managing Startup
UNIT 4 – User Administration
Objectives
Agenda
User Policy Considerations
The User Account Database- /etc/passwd
Adding a New User Account
Modifying/Deleting Accounts
Password Aging policies
Authentication Configuration
Group Administration
Switching Accounts
File Ownership
Linux File Permissions
SUID / SGID Executables
The Sticky Bit
The Setgid Access Mode
Default File Permissions
User Private Groups
User Environment (cont.)
The Linux Quota System
The Linux Quota System (cont.)
End of Unit 4
Lab: User and Group Administration
UNIT 5 – Network Configuration
Objectives
Agenda
Device Recognition
Network Interfaces
Address Resolution Protocol
mii-tool
ifconfig
ifup/ifdown
Interface Configuration Files
Configuration Utilities
Multiple NICs
Binding Multiple IP Addresses
DHCP/BOOTP
Allowing User Control of Network Interfaces
Basic IP Routes
Default Route
IP Forwarding
Global Network Parameters
Name Resolution
DNS Client Configuration
DNS Troubleshooting
Network Diagnostics
End of Unit 5
Lab: Static Network Settings
UNIT 6 – System Administration Tools
Objectives
Agenda
Alternatives
Using alternatives
Print System User Interface
CUPS Overview
CUPS Configuration Files
CUPS Queue management
/etc/printcap and redhat-config-printer
Task Automation
Using at
Controlling Access to at
Using cron
Crontab format
System crontab Files
Controlling Access to cron
Using tmwatch
System Log Configuration
System Log Configuration (cont.)
System Logging
System Logging (cont.)
Maintaining Logs
Monitoring Logs
Managing whatis
System Mountoring and Process Control
Backup To Tape
Controlling Tape Drives
Using tar
Using dump/restore
Using cpio
Remote Backups
Other Backup Software
End of Unit 6
Lab: System Administration Tools
UNIT 7- RPM, Boot Loaders, and Kickstart
Objectives
Agenda
The RPM Way
RPM Package Manager
Installing and Removing Software
Updating a Kernel RPM
RPM Queries
RPM Queries and Verification
Other RPM Utilities and Features
Red Hat Network (RHN)
Automatic Dependency Resolution
RHN in the Enterprise
RHN Registration
The up2date utility
Remote Administration
Boot Loader Components
GRUB and grub.conf
Starting the Boot Process: GRUB
Multiboot Systems
Ted Hat Linux Network Installation Server
Using Kickstart to Automate Installation
Kickstart: Commands section
Kickstart: packages
Kickstart: pre, post
End of Unit7
Lab: RPM and Kickstart
UNIT 8 – Kernel Services and Configuration
Objectives
Agenda
Kernel Modules
Kernel Module Configuration
The /proc filesystem
/proc/sys configuration with sysct1
Software RAID Configuration
Software RAID Recovery
Creating Logical Volumes
Resizing Logical Volumes
Logical Volume Snapshots
End of Unit 8
Lab: Logical Volumes and RAID
UNIT 9 – The X Window System
Objectives
Agenda
The X Window System
The X Protocol
Network- Transparent
X Security
Xauth with ssh
X Modularity
Window Managers
Display Managers
XFree86 Startup (startx)
XFree86 Startup (prefdm)
Extensibility
X Server Configuration
X Server Design
The X Font Server
End of Unit 9
Lab: The X Window System
UNIT 10 – Troubleshooting
Objectives
Agenda
Troubleshooting
Things to Check:X
Things to Check: Services
Things to Check: Networking
Things to Check: Booting
Filesystem Corruption
Filesystem Recovery
Recovery Run-levels
Boot Floppies
Rescue Environment
Rescue Environment Utilities
Rescue Environment Details
RH253 Red Hat Networking & Security Administration
UNIT 1 – Introduction to System Services
Objectives
Agenda
Service Management
Services Managed by init
System V service Management
Chkconfig
Xinetd managed Series
The xinetd Daemon
The/etc/sysconfig/ files
Fault Analysis
End of Unit 1
Lab: Introduction to System Services
UNIT 2 – Organizing Network Systems
Objectives
Agenda
Domain Name SystemDNS
Zones, Domains & Delegation
Name Server Hierarchy
The DNS Server
Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)
Service Profile: DNS
Configuring BIND
Global Options
Address Match Lists and ac1
Rndc
Master and Slave Zones
Reverse Lookup Zones
Special Zones
Zone Files
Resource Records (RR)
SOA (Start of Authority)
NS (Name Server)
Main Record Types
Example Zone File
Round Robin Load Sharing through DNS
Delegating Subdomains
BIND Syntax Utilities
Caching-only Name Server
BIND Utilities
Advanced BIND Features
DHCP Overview
Service Profile: DHCP
Configuring a DHCP Server
End of Unit 2
Lab: Organizing Networked Systems
UNIT 3 – Network File Sharing Services
Objectives
Agenda
NFS File Service (NFS)
SFS Server
Client-side NFS
FTP
Service Profile: FTP
Samba Services
Samba Daemons
Service Profile: SMB
Configuring Samba
Overview of smb.conf Sections
Configuraring File and Directory Sharing
Printing to the Samba Server
Authentication Methods
Passwords
Samba Client Tools: smbclient
Nmblookup
Smbmount
Samba mouts in /etc/fstab
End of Unit 3
Lab: Network File Sharing Services
UNIT 4 – Electronic Mail Services
Objectives
Agenda
Sendmail Features
Security and “Anti-Spam” Features
An Email Review
Server Operations
Service Profile: Sendmail
Main Configuration Files
Other Configuration Files
Sendmail Configuration with the m4 Macro Language
Sendmail m4 Macro File: Introduction
Sendmail m4 Macro File: Features
Sendmail Client Configuration
Other Valuable m4 directives
Additional Sendmail Configuration Files
/etc/mail/virtusertable
/etc/mail/access
Blacklisting Recipients
Debugging Sendmail
Using alternatives
Postfix
Service Profile:Postfix
Configuring postfix
Additional Postfix Configuration
Enhanced Postfix Configuration
Procmail Delivery
Procmail sample Configuration
End of Unit 4
Lab: Electronic Mail Services
UNIT 5 – The HTTP Service
Objectives
Agenda
Apache Overview
Service Profile:HTTPD
Apache Configuration
Apache Server Configuration
Virtual Hosts
Apache Namespace Configuration
Apache Access Configuration
Using .htaccess Files
CGI
Notable Apache Modules
Apache Encrypted Web Server
Squid Web Proxy Cache
Service Profile: Squid
End of Unit 5
Lab: The HTTP Service
UNIT 6 – Security Concerns and Policy
Objectives
Agenda
Definition of Security
Attacks from the Network
Principles of Security
Security Practices
Diagnostic Utilities
Which Services Are Running?
Remote service Detecting
Isolate Vulnerabilities
Security Policy: the System
Security Policy: the People
Response Strategies
Additional Resources
End of Unit 7
Lab: Security Concerns and Policy
UNIT 7 – Authentication Services
Objectives
Agenda
Authentication Basics
Service Profile: PAM
PAM Operation
/etc/pam.d/system-auth
Core PAM Modules
Authentication Modules
Miscellaneous PAM Modules
Password Security
Password Policy
Resource Limits
User Access Control
Single User Mode
Sudo
Authentication Troubleshooting
NIS Overview
Service Profile: NIS
NIS Server Topology
Configuring an NIS Server
NIS Client Configuration
NIS Troubleshooting
End of Unit 8
Lab: Authentication Services
UNIT 8 – System Monitoring
Objectives
Agenda
Introduction to System Monitoring
File System Analysis
Set User and Ground ID Permissions
Typical Problematic Permissions
EXT2 Filesystem Attributes
System Log Files
Syslogd and klogd configuration
Advanced syslogd configuration
Log File Analysis
Monitoring and Limiting Processes
Processes Monitoring Utilities
System Activity Reporting
Process Accounting Tools
End of Unit
Lab: System Monitoring
UNIT 9 – Security Networks
Objectives
Agenda
Routing Principles
Net filter Overview
Net filter Architecture
Net Filter Tables and Chains
Net filter Packet Flow
Rule matching
Rule Targets
Simple Example
Basic Chain Operations
Directional Filtering
Connection Tracking
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Rule persistence
The “Bastion Host”
End of Unit 10
Lab: Security Networks
UNIT 10 – Securing Services
Objectives
Agenda
System Startup Control
Securing the Service
Tcp-wrappers Configuration
Daemon Specification
Advanced Syntax
Options
Example
Securing xinetd-managed services
Xinetd Access Control
Host Patterns
Advanced security Options
End of Unit 11
Lab: Securing Services
UNIT 11 – Securing Data
Objectives
Agenda
The Need for Encryption
Cryptographic building Blocks
Random Numbers
One-Way Hashes
Symmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption l
Asymmetric Encryption ll
Public Key Infrastructures
Digital Certificates
Generating Digital Certificates
OpenSSH Overview
OpenSSH Authentication
The OpenSSH Server
Service Profile:SSH
OpenSSH Server Configuration
The OpenSSH Client
Protecting Your Keys
Applications: RPM